← Chapter 1 · Democracy Without PoliticiansWhere Sortition Has Been Used Citizens’ assemblies, juries, deliberative polls, planning cells, and other processes using randomly selected participants.
This map shows documented random-selection processes. Research is ongoing and coverage is not exhaustive.
Drag to pan; scroll or pinch to zoom. Double-tap to zoom in; tap with two fingers to zoom out. Click a dot to read its events. Overlapping nearby places open a detail map.
National processes are shown with country shading, regional processes with hatching, and local processes with dots. Shading and markers identify locations with documented random-selection processes. Research is ongoing and coverage is not exhaustive. Zimbabwe Zambia Yemen Vietnam Venezuela Vanuatu Uzbekistan Uruguay Federated States of Micronesia Marshall Islands Northern Mariana Islands United States Virgin Islands Guam American Samoa Puerto Rico Slovakia Slovenia Romania Portugal Malta Lithuania Latvia Italy Hungary Greece Cyprus Croatia United States of America South Georgia and the Islands British Indian Ocean Territory Saint Helena Pitcairn Islands Anguilla Falkland Islands Cayman Islands Bermuda British Virgin Islands Turks and Caicos Islands Montserrat Jersey Guernsey Isle of Man United Kingdom United Arab Emirates Ukraine Uganda Turkmenistan Turkey Tunisia Trinidad and Tobago Tonga Togo East Timor Thailand United Republic of Tanzania Tajikistan Taiwan Syria Switzerland Sweden eSwatini Suriname South Sudan Sudan Sri Lanka Spain South Korea South Africa Somalia Somaliland Solomon Islands Slovakia Slovenia Singapore Sierra Leone Seychelles Republic of Serbia Senegal Saudi Arabia São Tomé and Principe San Marino Samoa Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saint Lucia Saint Kitts and Nevis Rwanda Russia Romania Qatar Portugal Poland Philippines Peru Paraguay Papua New Guinea Panama Palau Pakistan Oman Norway North Korea Nigeria Niger Nicaragua New Zealand Niue Cook Islands Netherlands Aruba Curaçao Nepal Nauru Namibia Mozambique Morocco Western Sahara Montenegro Mongolia Moldova Monaco Mexico Mauritius Mauritania Malta Mali Maldives Malaysia Malawi Madagascar North Macedonia Luxembourg Lithuania Liechtenstein Libya Liberia Lesotho Lebanon Latvia Laos Kyrgyzstan Kuwait Kosovo Kiribati Kenya Kazakhstan Jordan Japan Jamaica Italy Israel Palestine Ireland Iraq Iran Indonesia India Iceland Hungary Honduras Haiti Guyana Guinea-Bissau Guinea Guatemala Grenada Greece Ghana Germany Georgia Gambia Gabon France Saint Pierre and Miquelon Wallis and Futuna Saint Martin Saint Barthelemy French Polynesia New Caledonia French Southern and Antarctic Lands Aland Finland Fiji Ethiopia Estonia Eritrea Equatorial Guinea El Salvador Egypt Ecuador Dominican Republic Dominica Djibouti Greenland Faroe Islands Denmark Czechia Northern Cyprus Cyprus Cuba Croatia Ivory Coast Costa Rica Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Comoros Colombia China Macao S.A.R Hong Kong S.A.R. Chile Chad Central African Republic Cabo Verde Canada Cameroon Cambodia Myanmar Burundi Burkina Faso Bulgaria Brunei Brazil Botswana Bosnia and Herzegovina Bolivia Bhutan Benin Belize Belgium Belarus Barbados Bangladesh Bahrain The Bahamas Azerbaijan Austria Australia Indian Ocean Territories Heard Island and McDonald Islands Norfolk Island Armenia Argentina Antigua and Barbuda Angola Andorra Algeria Albania Afghanistan Siachen Glacier Sint Maarten Tuvalu Salzburg Vorarlberg Province de Luxembourg Wallonie British Columbia Ontario Yukon La Réunion Drenthe Gelderland Zeeland Zuid-Holland Arizona California Colorado Connecticut Massachusetts Maine Nevada Oregon Washington State Washington State Bududa Butaleja East Belgium (Ostbelgien) Minnesota Texas Vermont Michigan South Australia New Hampshire Deschutes County, Oregon North Bank Region Bavaria Rhineland-Palatinate Australian Capital Territory Victoria Macao Baden-Württemberg Oberösterreich Hennepin County, Minnesota; local community reference boundary Cuyahoga, Ashtabula and Lake counties, Ohio; local community reference boundary Lazio; regional community reference boundary Brabant wallon; regional community reference boundary Haute-Garonne; regional community reference boundary Flevoland; regional community reference boundary Northern Ireland Wales England Scotland Herefordshire — regional events Cumbria — regional events Durham — regional events Devon — regional events Aberdeenshire — regional events Oxfordshire — regional events Bregenz, Austria Götzis, Austria Wolfurt, Austria Brussels, Belgium Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina Marseille, France Paris, France Kerewan, Gambia Birmingham, United Kingdom Coventry, United Kingdom Nottingham, United Kingdom Budapest, Hungary Dublin, Ireland Kiryat Tiv'on, Israel Vilnius, Lithuania Amsterdam, Netherlands Rheden, Netherlands Auckland, New Zealand Cape Town, South Africa Tolosa, Spain Bellinzona, Switzerland Zvyahel, Ukraine Eugene, United States of America Los Angeles, United States of America Petaluma, United States of America Portland, United States of America Tamale, Ghana Wenling, China Shanghai, China Sheffield, United Kingdom Schwelm, Germany Hagen, Germany Solingen, Germany Köln, Germany Jüchen, Germany Buxtehude, Germany Hannover, Germany Nordhausen, Germany Lengerich, Germany Frankfurt (Oder), Germany Berlin, Germany Witten, Germany Stuttgart, Germany Neuss, Germany Osnabrück, Germany Regensburg, Germany Berlin Zehlendorf, Germany Aachen, Germany Wuppertal, Germany Bochum, Germany Weinheim, Germany Berlin Adlershof, Germany München, Germany Wernigerode, Germany Planegg, Germany Wetzlar, Germany St. Paul, United States of America Minneapolis, United States of America Baltimore, United States of America Copenhagen, Denmark Harare, Zimbabwe Boston, United States of America Bern, Switzerland Oslo, Norway Lillehammer, Norway Osaka, Japan Tokyo, Japan Canberra, Australia Buenos Aires, Argentina Vienna, Austria Graz: locality reference, not exact meeting venue Fremante, Australia Perth, Australia Gascoyne, Australia Fremantle, Australia Bologna, Italy Turin, Italy Hamilton: locality reference, not exact meeting venue Bonn, Germany Fortaleza, Brazil Soeul, South Korea Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea Taipeh, Taiwan Taipei, Taiwan Puxing Sub-district in Pudong New District, Shanghai, China Nova Scotia, Canada Marousi, Greece Omagh, United Kingdom San Mateo, United States of America Kaposvár, Hungary Porto Alegre, Brazil La Plata, Argentina Poznan, Poland Kanagawa, Japan Torrance, United States of America Seoul, South Korea Hokkaido University, Japan Sapporo, Japan João Pessoa, Brazil Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Tivaoune Peul, Dakar, Senegal Nsanje District, Malawi Skopje, North Macedonia Vancouver, Canada Lethbridge, Canada Duncan, Canada Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic Tarija, Bolivia Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Yaoundé, Cameroon Kampala, Uganda Lusaka, Zambia Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo Abuja, Nigeria Kwa Zulu-Natal, South Africa Jakarta, Indonesia Ramallah, Palestine Quezon City, Philippines Malé, Maldives Hanoi, Vietnam Kathmandu, Nepal Beijing, China Bhubaneswar, India Delhi, India Ahmedabad, India Chennai, India Saint-Denis, France Calgary, Canada Montreal, Canada Toronto, Canada Golden, United States of America Phoenix, United States of America Washington, D.C, United States of America Kabul, Afghanistan Marsh Habour, The Bahamas Dhaka, Bangladesh Cotonou, Benin Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina São Paulo, Brazil Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso Cibitoke, Burundi Waterloo, Canada N’Djamena, Chad Santiago, Chile Moroni, Comoros San Jose, Costa Rica Addis Abeba, Ethiopia Latouka City, Fiji Libreville, Gabon Brikama, Gambia Tbilisi, Georgia Accra, Ghana St. Georges, Grenada Guatemala City, Guatemala Georgetown, Guyana Port au Prince, Haiti New Delhi, India Tehran, Iran Pescara, Italy Chieti, Italy Nairobi, Kenya Vakinankaratra, Madagascar Tamatave, Madagascar Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Bamako, Mali Nouackcott, Mauritania Curepipe, Mauritius Rabat, Morocco Maputo, Mozambique Yangon, Myanmar Niamey, Niger Ilé-Ifẹ̀, Nigeria Islamabad, Pakistan Lima, Peru Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines Cluj-Napoca, Romania Saint Petersburg, Russia Kigali, Rwanda Castries, Saint Lucia Saint Louis, Senegal Victoria, Seychelles Madrid, Spain Colombo, Sri Lanka Taichung, Taiwan Tainan, Taiwan Lomé, Togo Istanbul, Turkey Central Kampala, Uganda Edinburgh, United Kingdom Fort Collins, United States of America Lausanne, Switzerland Cairo, Egypt Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Lilongwe, Malawi Johannesbourg, South Africa Bangalore, India Copenhagen, Denmark Rovaniemi, Finland Roma, Italy Moscow, Russia Ottawa, Canada Sucre, Bolivia Sao Paolo, Brazil Santiago, Chile Montevideo, Uruguay Makassar, Indonesia Gdánsk, Poland Akron, United States of America Redwood County, United States of America Stevens County, United States of America Itasca County, United States of America Winona County, United States of America Bellevue, United States of America Gloucestershire, United Kingdom York, United Kingdom Sydney, Australia Braunschweig, Germany Camden, United Kingdom Utrecht, Netherlands Helensburgh, United Kingdom Lelystad, Netherlands London, Borough of Brent, United Kingdom Fujisawa, Japan Shinjuku, Tokyo: locality reference, not exact meeting venue Morioka, Japan Sagamihara, Japan Komae, Japan Mitaka, Japan Toyoyama, Japan Iyo, Japan Morsbach, Germany Gevelsberg, Germany Lugano, Switzerland North Cowichan, Canada Korsholm, Finland Erlangen, Germany Miltenberg, Germany Weiden, Germany Kronach, Germany Hanover, Germany Praha, Czechia Forest of Dean, United Kingdom Meerbusch, Germany Meiningen, Germany Artern, Germany Basel, Switzerland Wolfsburg, Germany Meckenheim, Germany Tajimi, Japan Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan Tachikawa: locality reference, not exact meeting venue Yubari, Japan Hitachiota, Japan Bando, Japan Narashino, Japan Sumida, Tokyo, Japan Koto, Japan Katsushika, Tokyo, Japan Ome, Japan Machida, Japan Hino, Japan Musashimurayama, Japan Tama: locality reference, not exact meeting venue Shizuoka: locality reference, not exact meeting venue Kitami, Japan Abashiri, Japan Joso, Japan Sakai, Japan Utsunomiya: locality reference, not exact meeting venue Tochigi, Japan Oyama, Japan Fujioka, Japan Tomioka, Japan Kisarazu, Japan Koganei, Japan Akiruno, Japan Miura, Japan Shinshiro, Japan Kusatsu, Japan Ryugasaki, Japan Hitachinaka, Japan Chikusei, Japan Moka, Japan Mashiko, Japan Takasaki, Japan Kiryu, Japan Kawaguchi, Japan Gyoda, Japan Hanno, Japan Wako, Japan Funabashi: locality reference, not exact meeting venue Abiko, Japan Hachioji, Japan Akishima: locality reference, not exact meeting venue Chofu, Tokyo: locality reference, not exact meeting venue Kunitachi, Japan Odawara: locality reference, not exact meeting venue Chigasaki, Japan Yamato: locality reference, not exact meeting venue Isehara, Japan Tokamachi: locality reference, not exact meeting venue Numazu: locality reference, not exact meeting venue Kashiba, Japan Aizubange Town: locality reference, not exact meeting venue Ushiku, Japan Kashima, Japan Sakai Town, Japan Sano, Japan Midori, Japan Misato, Japan Yoshikawa, Japan Musashino: locality reference, not exact meeting venue Higashimurayama: locality reference, not exact meeting venue Kokubunji, Japan Atsugi, Japan Joetsu, Japan Toyama, Japan Kaga, Japan Suzaka, Japan Hikone, Japan Ritto, Japan Itami, Japan Makurazaki: locality reference, not exact meeting venue Kamisu, Japan Nasushiobara, Japan Ichikawa, Japan Kamogawa, Japan Futtsu, Japan Suginami, Tokyo: locality reference, not exact meeting venue Ayase, Japan Nagano, Japan Gifu: locality reference, not exact meeting venue Kakamigahara: locality reference, not exact meeting venue Moriyama, Japan Wakayama, Japan Imabari, Japan Kanoya, Japan Ginowan: locality reference, not exact meeting venue Goshogawara, Japan Mito, Japan Sakuragawa, Japan Kitamoto: locality reference, not exact meeting venue Ina Town, Japan Matsudo, Japan Zushi, Japan Kurobe: locality reference, not exact meeting venue Ito, Japan Komaki, Japan Chitose, Japan Ishikari, Japan Ishioka: locality reference, not exact meeting venue Hitachi Omiya, Japan Soka, Japan Satte, Japan Noda, Japan Nagoya, Japan Kawagoe, Japan Yashio, Japan Kumiyama Town, Japan Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan Kiyose, Japan Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America Oakland, United States of America Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg Victoria–Saanich, Canada Lviv, Ukraine Neath, UK, United Kingdom Prilly, Switzerland, Switzerland New South Wales, Australien, Australia Manchester, UK, United Kingdom Barcarena, State of Pará, 68445-000, Brasilien, Brazil Bergisch Gladbach, Germany, Germany 215 79 Malmo, Sverige, Sweden Southampton, UK, United Kingdom Mannheim, Germany, Germany Gelderland, Netherlands, Netherlands Pl. du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 75016 Paris, Frankrig, France Göteborg, Sverige, Sweden Hackney, London, UK, United Kingdom Occitanie, France, France 24 Neumünster, Germany, Germany Glasgow, UK, United Kingdom Shipley, UK, United Kingdom Quartier Centre, 1015 Lausanne, Schweiz, Switzerland Vorarlberg, Austria, Austria Blackpool, UK, United Kingdom Warwick, UK, United Kingdom Bourdeaux, France, France De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Nederlandene, Netherlands Eilat, Israel, Israel Magalhães Barata, PA, 68722-000, Brasilien, Brazil Wallonie, Belgium, Belgium Barnet, UK, United Kingdom Namur, Belgium, Belgium Rotterdam, Netherlands, Netherlands 286 Bois d'Oissel, 27190 Glisolles, France, France Geneva, Switzerland, Switzerland Romsey, UK, United Kingdom Warsaw, Poland, Poland Mallorca, Spain, Spain Guipúzcoa, Spanien, Spain Catalonia, Spain, Spain 39606 Osterburg, Tyskland, Germany Duisburg, Germany, Germany Barcelona, Spain, Spain 911 Av. Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, Frankrig, France Het Hogeland, Netherlands, Netherlands 263 Av. Général Leclerc, 35000 Rennes, Frankrig, France Leeds, UK, United Kingdom Wrocław, Poland, Poland Lambeth, London, UK, United Kingdom Blaenau Gwent, UK, United Kingdom Thalwil, Switzerland, Switzerland Besaya, Spain, Spain Blackburn, UK, United Kingdom Musashino, Tokyo, Japan, Japan Rhone-Alpes, France, France 8 Av. de Saint-Mandé, 75012 Paris, Frankrig, France Stuttgart, Germany, Germany Est Ensemble, France, France Aarhus, Denmark, Denmark Devon, UK, United Kingdom Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland, Switzerland Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico, Mexico Brighton & Hove, UK, United Kingdom 9 Chem. des Alpins, 38100 Grenoble, France, France Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan, Japan Rudersdal, Denmark, Denmark Nottingham, UK, United Kingdom Budapest, Hungary, Hungary Leicester, UK, United Kingdom Copeland District, UK, United Kingdom Zwolle, Netherlands, Netherlands Forest, Belgium, Belgium Leiden, Netherlands, Netherlands 44 Bd de Dunkerque, 13002 Marseille, Frankrig, France Izmir, İzmir, Tyrkiet, Turkey Washington, USA, United States of America Vienna, Austria, Austria Leinster House, Kildare Street, Dublin 2, Ireland, Ireland Lancaster, UK, United Kingdom Konstanz, Germany, Germany Chem. de la Censive du Tertre, 44313 Nantes, Frankrig, France Milan, Metropolitan City of Milan, Italy, Italy Osterburg, Germany, Germany Aberdeenshire, UK, United Kingdom Toritama, State of Pernambuco, Brazil, Brazil Westminster, London SW1, Storbritannien, United Kingdom Centre-Val de Loire, France, France Gdańsk, Polen, Poland Croydon, UK, United Kingdom Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan, Japan Tallinn, Estland, Estonia 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark, Denmark Westminster, London, UK, United Kingdom Wattens, Austria, Austria Adur & Worthing Councils, Richmond Road, Worthing, UK, United Kingdom Greve Kommune, Denmark, Denmark Campus, 61 Av. du Général de Gaulle Centre, 94010, 94000 Créteil, Frankrig, France 65 Rue des Grands Moulins, 75013 Paris, Frankrig, France Herefordshire, UK, United Kingdom Turku, Finland, Finland 20 Rue du Lac, 69003 Lyon, France, France Tartu, Estonia, Estonia Newham, UK, United Kingdom Wallonia, Belgium, Belgium Val de Loire, Saint-Laurent-Nouan, France, France Munich, Germany, Germany Thurrock, UK, United Kingdom Kingston upon Thames, Storbritannien, United Kingdom Wandsworth, London SW18, Storbritannien, United Kingdom Lemgo, Germany, Germany Oxford, UK, United Kingdom Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, United Kingdom Kraków, Poland, Poland Poznań, Poland, Poland Arnsberg, Germany, Germany Ida-Virumaa, Estonia, Estonia Lyon, Frankrig, France Porirua, New Zealand, New Zealand South Australia, Australien, Australia Southwark, UK, United Kingdom Gipuzkoa, Spain, Spain Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Canada Frankfurt, Germany, Germany Debagoiena, Gipuzkoa, Spanien, Spain 20 Av. Albert Einstein, 69100 Villeurbanne, Frankrig, France Skopje, Nordmakedonien, North Macedonia Clermont-Ferrand, France, France Tyrol, Austria, Austria Kendal, UK, United Kingdom Statenkwartier, The Hague, Netherlands, Netherlands Łódź Voivodeship, Poland, Poland Edmonton, AB, Canada, Canada Jersey, Jersey Miskolc, Hungary, Hungary Érd, Hungary, Hungary Erlangen, Germany, Germany Offenburg, Germany, Germany Uster, Switzerland, Switzerland Altach, Austria Dornbirn, Austria Rankweil, Austria Salzburg, Austria Arlon, Belgium Ghent, Belgium Oud-Heverlee, Belgium Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina Belém, Brazil Belo Horizonte, Brazil Bujaru, Brazil Francisco Morato, Brazil Ilhéus, Brazil Niterói, Brazil Salvador, Brazil Toritama, Brazil Langley City, Canada Bogotá, Colombia Rijeka, Croatia Albertslund, Denmark Greve, Denmark Tallinn, Estonia Arcueil, France Bayeux, France Besançon, France Bourges, France Cachan, France Carpentras, France Chambéry, France Clermont-Ferrand, France Grenoble, France Nantes, France Poitiers, France Rennes, France Rezé, France Rouen, France Villeurbanne, France Bristol, United Kingdom Croydon, United Kingdom Oxford, United Kingdom Beit Jann, Israel Jatt, Israel Kfar Saba, Israel Ra'anana, Israel Eppan, Italy Podgorica, Montenegro Enschede, Netherlands Nieuwegein, Netherlands Schagen, Netherlands Wageningen, Netherlands Napier, New Zealand Wellington, New Zealand Røros, Norway Trondheim, Norway Krakow, Poland Łodz, Poland Lodz, Poland Lublin, Poland Rydultowy, Poland Rzeszów, Poland Lisbon, Portugal Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania Belgrade, Republic of Serbia Valjevo, Republic of Serbia San Sebastian, Spain Aarau, Switzerland Le Grand-Saconnex, Switzerland Winterthur, Switzerland Rivne, Ukraine Slavutych, Ukraine Culver, United States of America Raleigh, United States of America Edmonton Cobourg Halton Region Kingston Mississauga Cornwall Prince Edward County Bowling Green Kearney Fort Lauderdale Muncie Greater Cambridge Oxfordshire Grenoble Alpes Métropole Bordeaux Lyon Valsamoggia (five former municipalities); locality reference, not an exact venue Lewisham; locality reference, not an exact venue Swiss Cottage, Camden; locality reference, not an exact venue Walsall (health-authority jury); locality reference, not an exact venue Castelfranco di Sotto; locality reference, not an exact venue Gembloux; locality reference, not an exact venue Cigéo (Bure–Saudron area); locality reference, not an exact venue Naturns; locality reference, not an exact venue Göfis; locality reference, not an exact venue Grand Narbonne and Narbonnaise park; locality reference, not an exact venue Saucats (Horizeo project); locality reference, not an exact venue Les Lilas; locality reference, not an exact venue Furness (Barrow-in-Furness reference); locality reference, not an exact venue Bude area; locality reference, not an exact venue Auroville; locality reference, not an exact venue Nishiyodogawa Ward, Osaka; locality reference, not an exact venue Kure; locality reference, not an exact venue Saitama; locality reference, not an exact venue Ichinomiya, Aichi; locality reference, not an exact venue Nagaokakyo, Kyoto; locality reference, not an exact venue Setagaya, Tokyo; locality reference, not an exact venue Red Wing; locality reference, not an exact venue or boundary Willmar; locality reference, not an exact venue or boundary Geislingen an der Steige; locality reference, not an exact venue or boundary Feldkirch; locality reference, not an exact venue or boundary Innsbruck; locality reference, not an exact venue or boundary Steinberg am Rofan: locality reference only; not an exact venue or territorial boundary. St. Ulrich am Pillersee: locality reference only; not an exact venue or territorial boundary. Galtür: locality reference only; not an exact venue or territorial boundary. Absam: locality reference only; not an exact venue or territorial boundary. Leisach: locality reference only; not an exact venue or territorial boundary. Kirchberg-Thening: administrative locality reference (GeoNames ADM3), not a certified centroid, venue or territorial boundary. Kronstorf: locality reference only; not an exact venue or territorial boundary. Krumbach: locality reference only; not an exact venue or territorial boundary. Längenfeld: locality reference only; not an exact venue or territorial boundary. Münzbach: locality reference only; not an exact venue or territorial boundary. Bolzano/Bozen: municipal locality reference only; not a venue, centroid, boundary or provincial reference. Budapest District II: administrative reference point only; not a certified centroid, exact venue or territorial boundary. Budapest District VI: administrative reference point only; not a certified centroid, exact venue or territorial boundary. Huntingdon: meeting-locality reference only; not exact venue, centroid or historical health-authority territory. Adelaide: verified events Bendigo: verified events Eurobodalla Shire: verified events Melbourne: verified events Penrith: verified events Noosa: verified events Marrickville: verified events Moorebank: verified events Byron Shire: verified events Geelong: verified events South East, South Australia: verified events Darebin: verified events Canada Bay: verified events Manningham: events North Sydney: events Victoria: events Yarra: events Hervey Bay: events Hobsons Bay: events Torquay: events Munich: events Antalya Climate Assembly — approximate city location, not exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue Approximate city location, not an exact venue
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Drag or zoom here. Click an event label for its details.
● Black dot: Local or municipal event○ White dot: Meeting venue for broader geographical scopeGreen shading: national processes · Diagonal pattern: regional processes · ★ Gold: standing institution
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About the map and sources Explore citizens’ assemblies, citizens’ juries, deliberative polls, planning cells and other documented random-selection processes around the world. Mixed processes are included only for their documented randomly selected component. This map draws on event reports and specialist catalogues; coverage is not exhaustive and research continues. Inclusion does not imply that a process held governing power or is still operating.
Country shading and regional hatching show the area represented. Dots show approximate meeting locations; hollow dots identify catalogue records or meeting venues whose wider scope is uncertain. A meeting location does not necessarily indicate a local assembly. Some entries are listed without a map location.
Country and regional boundaries: Natural Earth, public domain . Some regional outlines aggregate the source’s constituent administrative areas. Ostbelgien’s nine-municipality boundary: geoBoundaries , using Namur Capitale / Statistics Belgium municipal outlines (2018), CC BY 4.0; aggregated for this map. Regional hatching remains visible over national shading; both levels can therefore be seen together. Use the geographic filter to narrow the case list. City matching: GeoNames , CC BY 4.0 , plus coordinates retained from the historical inventory. Deschutes County: geoBoundaries USA ADM2, using US Census Bureau MAF/TIGER boundaries, public domain. Boundary vintages differ from case dates.
Democracy Without Politicians · Explore democratic lotteries around the world.Additional locality references: GeoNames (CC BY 4.0 ), Getty TGN, and French official geographical data. Generalized reference boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain) and the US Census Bureau. Points identify localities or project areas unless a case explicitly says otherwise; modern reference outlines are not certified historical legal boundaries.
Reference towns: GeoNames , CC BY 4.0; boundaries: Natural Earth , public domain. Labels provide geographical context, not additional event records.
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